Science
Science
Read pages 308-317
Define the following terms in your Science notebook.
1.sound- a form of energy produced by vibrating objects
2. light- a form of energy that travels in waves and can move through empty space where there is no air
3.vacuum- airless space
4.electtromagnetic spectrum- a group of waves, including visible light, that can travel through space
5. frequency- the number of waves that move past a point in a certain amount of time
6. trough- the lowest part of a wave
7. crest- the highest part of a wave
8. wavelength- the distance between one wave crest and the next crest or between one wave trough and the next trough
9. pitch- how high or low a sound is
10. reflection- the bouncing back of light rays from a surface
Open Response Question
1. Diagram and label what happens when white light goes through a prism. (pg.312)
Describe/draw the difference between a compression and a rarefaction. (pg. 316)
February 9th- Quiz Feburary 16
Read pages 304-307
Define the following terms in your Science notebook:
1. magnet- an object that attracts iron and a few other magnetic materials
2. north pole- the end or side of a magnet that attracts the south pole of another magnet
3. magnetic field- the area around a magnet where the force of magnetism can be felt
4. magnetic lines of force- a pattern of lines formed by iron filings sprinkled on paper laid over a magnet
5. electromagnet- a temporary magnet created by a flow of electric current around an iron bar
6. generator- a device that uses magnets to change the energy of motion to electrical energy
7. motor- a device that uses electricity to produce motion
8. magnetism- the force that pulls magnetic materials across a distance
9. south pole- the end or side of a magnet that attracts the north pole of another magnet
10. electric current- a constant flow of electrons through a conductor
Open Response Questions
1. Diagram the inside of a nail that is not magnetized.
2. Diagram the inside of a nail that is magnetized.
Diagram an electromagnet that is turned on.
Read pages 295-303. Define the following terms in your science notebook:
1.electricity- a form of energy that is produced when electrons move from one place to another place
2.neutron- a particle that is in the nucleus of an atom and does not have a charge
3. proton- a particle that is in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge
4. atom- the smallest particle of a substance that has all of the properties of that substance
5. electron- a particle that is in the nucleus of an atom and has a negative charge
6.conductor- a material that allows heat energy or electricity to pass through it easily
7. insulator- a material that does not let heat energy or electricity pass through it easily
8. series circuit- an electric circuit in which the device s are connected in one continuous loop
9. parallel circuit- an electric circuit in which each device has its own separate loop
10. electric circuit- a constant flow of electrons through a conductor
Open Response Questions:
a) Diagram, label and explain a closed circuit.
b) Diagram, label and explain an open circuit.
c) Compare and contrast a parallel circuit to a series circuit.
Science/ January 4, 2012
Read pags. 170-186
1. weathering- the breaking down and wearing away of rock
2. erosion- the movement of weathered materials by water, wind, or ice
deposition- the process in which materails eroded by water, wind, or ice are dropped in a new place
4. glacier- a large body of moving ice that stays frozen all year
5. folded mountains- mountains that formed when land was squeezed together
6. plates- huge pieces of Earth's crust that move very slowly
7. magma- melted rock below Earth's surface
8.lava- meted rock that flows out of the ground onto Earth's surface
9. volcano- a mountain built up from hardened lava, rocks, and ash surface
10.landslide- the sudden downhill movement of a huge mass of rock, soil, and mud
Open Response- Define the term fossil and tellwhere they are mostly located. Give two reasons why fossils are important. (pg. 185)
December 12, 2011
Earth’s Structure
Read pgs. 158- 169
Define the following terms in your Science notebook.
1.sedimentary rock- rock that formed when sediments were pressed and cemented together
2. hydrosphere- all the liquid water and ice on Earth’s surface, liquid water in the ground, and water vapor in the atmosphere
3.mineral- a solid natural material that has crystal form and its own set of properties
4.hardness- the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched
5.magma- melted rock below Earth’s surface
6. sediments- bits o rocks, soil, san, shells and the remains of organisms
7. metamorphic rocks- rock that formed when another kind of rock was squeezed and heated deep inside Earth’s crust
8. igneous rocks- rock that formed from cooled magma or lava
9. soil- a material made of tiny pieces of rock, minerals, and decayed plant and animal matter
10. weathering- the breaking down and wearing away of rock
Open Response Questions
a. Diagram and label the layers of the Earth. (pg.159)
Match the fives stages of the Rock Cycle to their definitions. (pg. 165)
Science
November 28, 2011
Read pages 218-225
Define the following terms in your science notebook.
1. axis- an imaginary line that passes from the North Pole to the South Pole through Earth’s center
2. revolution- one complete trip of a planet around the sun
3. orbit- the path that one object in space takes around another object in space
4. phases- the regular changes in the way the moon looks from Earth
5. eclipse- one object in space casting its shadow on another object in space
6. rotation- the spinning of a planet or moon on its axis
7. solar system- a sun and all the objects that move around it
8. star- an object in space that produces its own heat and light
9. moon- a natural object that orbits a planet
10.planet- a large object that orbits a star
Open Response Questions
A. Diagram and label Earth’s placement during its orbit of the Sun.(pg. 220)
B. Diagram and label an eclipse of the moon. (pg.224)
Diagram and label an eclipse of the sun. (pg. 224)
Science
Weather and Climate
November 14th, 2011
I. Read pages 208-217
II. Define the following terms in your science notebook.
1. weather system-the area in the lower atmosphere where the air is moving around a high or low
2. air mass- a large bubble of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout it
3. cold front- the leading edge of a moving mass of cooler air
4. warm front- the leading edge of a moving mass of warm air
5. jet stream- a steady worldwide wind that blows from west to east high above the Earth
6. climate- the general weather of an area aver a long period of time
7. weather- the condition of the atmosphere at a place for a short period of time
8. polar climate- a cold, dry climate located in bands around the North and South Poles
9. tropical climate- a warm climate located in a wide band around the equator
10. temperate climate- a climate with temperatures that change with the seasons and precipitation that varies from place to place and season to season; located in bands between the polar and tropical climates
III. Open Response Question:
1. Diagram, label, and explain the three types of climates on the planet Earth.(pg. 216)
Science
Read pgs. 198-205
Terms
1. atmosphere- the air that surrounds the Earth
2. air pressure- the weight of air pushing on everything around it
3. weather- the condition of the atmosphere at a place for a short period of time
4. wind- moving air
5. water vapor- the gas state of water
6. barometer- a weather instrument that measures air pressure
7. altitude- height above sea level
8. temperature- the average speed of the particles in a substance
9. precipitation- water that falls to theEarth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
10. humidity- water vapor in the air
Open Response Questions
Identify the five types of precipitation.
Diagram, label, and explain a rain gauge.
Science
Read pages 187-195.
Define the following terms in your science notebook.
- water cycle- the change of water from one state to another as it moves between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere
- evaporation- the process of changing from a liquid to a gas
- condensation- the process of changing from a gas to a liquid
- precipitation- water that falls to Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
- icecap- sheets of ice that cover areas around the North and South Poles
- glacier- a large body of moving ice that stays frozen all year
- groundwater- water that collects underground in cracks and spaces in rock
- river- a wide body of slowly moving water
- stream- a narrow body of flowing water
- tide- changes in water level at the shoreline that are caused by the pull of gravity between Earth and its moon
Open- Response Question (pg. 188)
Diagram, label and explain the water cycle.
Five Essential Questions
1. How does air move?
Air is a mixture of gases in constant motion. Differences in air temperatures create winds. Convection currents help air move.
2. What are air masses?
An air mass is a large body of air with consistent temperature and amount of water vapor. Winds move air masses from place to place.
3. What causes severe weather?
Sometimes the water cycle can cause severe weather. Tornadoes, hurricanes and thunderstorms are examples of severe weather.
4. How are weather forecasts made?
Weather forecasters observe many patterns of weather change. They use the information from their observations to make predications based upon the collection of data.
5. What is climate?
Climate is the average of weather conditions over a long time, usually thirty years. Climate includes things like the average amount of precipitation, the average temperature. Climates do not change as much as the daily weather does.
xlicons.exe Meteorologist Presentation On Friday, October 29 you will need to be ready to present a 3-5 minute weather forecast in the classroom. This simulated weather forecast needs to include the following: weather map, at least 3 weather symbols, minimum of five weather terms, weather conditions for the day, weather conditions for the week as part of a travel update, possibility of severe weather, climate for the season. You will need to pick an area on this wonderful planet Earth for your weather report. It will be very beneficial to watch several weather forecasts in preparation for your
weather report. The newspaper is also a good resource for information regarding weather reports. As always if you have any questions, or seek additional information, please ask.
Weather and Climate
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a certain place at a certain time.
Climate is the general weather of an area over a long period of time.
Different surfaces heat up at different rates. Grass heats up very slowly and does not hold heat well. That is why grass feels cool to your bare feet on a hot day. Water heats up slowly but holds heat longer than grass. Roads, especially black tar roads, heat up quickly and can get very hot on a sunny day. They cool down quickly during the night.
Wind is moving air. Air moves because the Earth’s surface is heated unevenly.
The oceans effect on the weather is the cooler air over the ocean moves under the hot air over the land causing a breeze. At night it goes the opposite way because the water heats up slowly and holds the heat longer at night and the land has cooled down because the sun is no longer heating it up.
The direction of the wind drives the direction of the ocean’s current.
Anemometer measures the wind speed.
Wind vane shows the direction of the wind.
Air pressure is the weight of air pressing down on everything around it.
Barometer is used to measure air pressure.
Raising air pressure means clearer weather is coming.
Falling air pressure means unsettled or wet weather is coming.
Humidity is the water vapor in the air.
Water vapor enters the air when liquid water on Earth’s surface evaporates from the collection areas (oceans, lakes, etc…)
Hygrometer measures relative humidity. 
Precipitation is the water that falls to the Earth’s surface in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
Rain gauges measure the amount of rain that falls to the ground.
Clouds
A cloud forms when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The droplets clump together to form a cloud.
Clouds give clues about the weather.
There are three types of clouds:
HYPERLINK "http://www.carlwozniak.com/clouds/Graphics/New%20Pix/clouds10.jpg" Cirrus clouds are very thin and feathery looking.
HYPERLINK "http://www.carlwozniak.com/clouds/Graphics/New%20Pix/clouds42.jpg" Stratus clouds are stretched out in layers like sheets
HYPERLINK "http://www.carlwozniak.com/clouds/Graphics/New%20Pix/clouds13.jpg" Cumulus clouds are puffy looking like a bunch of pillows piled together.
Cumulonimbus
Puffy looking cloud that will bring rain
Other words attached to the types of cloud tell what the cloud might produce.
Alto means middle height
Nimbus means rain cloud
Nimbostratus  [Image:11272006_62626_7.bmp]
Altostratus HYPERLINK "http://www.weather-photography.com/photo.php?cat=clouds&id=w-009-10"[Image:11272006_62626_8.bmp]
Nimbus [Image:11272006_62626_9.bmp]
Clouds are classified by their shape and their height above the ground.
Types of Clouds
Low Clouds
Up to 8,000 feet
Cumulus Cumulonimbus
puffy dark
solid rolling
flat bottom giant
round top
Stratus` Stratocumulus
gray gray
move fast rounded
Middle Clouds
8,000 feet to 15,000 feet
Altocumulus Altostratus
thinner smooth
patchy thin
layered gray or blue
rippled cover whole sky
Nimbostratus
thick
dark
rain cloud
High Clouds
Above 15,000 feet
Cirrus Cirrostratus
very thin huge
long wispy
wispy veil
Cirrocumulus
puff balls
grouped in sheets
Pictures of the different types of clouds can be found on:
A front is where one air mass meets and pushes aside another air mass.
HYPERLINK "fcp://@fc.virtualtownhall.net,%231017107/Jacobs%20Classroom/Boretti/A surface weather analysis for the United States on October 21, 2006."[Image:11272006_62626_20.bmp]
A mass is a large “bubble of air that has the same characteristics all through it. (cold and dry, warm and dry, cold and moist, warm and moist)
Cold front is a mass of cooler air.
[Image:11272006_62626_21.bmp]
Warm front is a mass of warmer air.
[Image:11272006_62626_22.bmp]
To see the movement of a cold front or warm front go to the following web site.
The Jet Stream is the steady worldwide wind that blows from east to west.
[Image:11272006_62626_23.bmp]
This is a nice explanation of the Jet Stream.
Weather
In Science, we are learning about the weather and how air temperature, moisture, wind speed and direction
[Image:992006_101024_5.png], and precipitation [Image:992006_101102_6.png]make up the weather. They will use this information for making connections to the weather in a particular place and time. Global patterns such as the jet stream and water currents influence local weather in measurable terms such as temperature, wind direction and speed and precipitation.
This site is an excellent site that deals with
thunderstorms, [Image:lightening5.gif]
tornadoes , [Image:twister4.gif] hurricanes, blizzards,
winter weather , [Image:snow.gif] and
clouds [Image:30 cloud and sun.gif]. It will be a very useful web site to visit and it is a lot of fun!
Information about weather:
The Water Cycle
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